• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    Adjustable and self-disconnecting electrical socket for feeding refrigerated containers. The invention describes an adjustable and self-disconnecting electrical outlet (1) for the supply of refrigerated containers, comprising: an adjustable mechanism and a disconnection means (4). The steerable mechanism is formed by a first swivel link (2) that can be coupled to the fixed base (100) and a second link (3) coupled to the first link (2), where said second link (3) is rotatable in relation to said first link (2). The second link (3) comprises a female plug (32) to which an electrical power cable is connected to the refrigerated container. In addition, a disconnect means (4) disconnects power to the socket (32) when the second link (3) comes out of the home orientation. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)
    公开号:ES2819257A1
    申请号:ES201900156
    申请日:2019-10-15
    公开日:2021-04-15
    发明作者:Martos Antonio Illana
    申请人:Marin Leon Leopoldo；Vilchez Vilchez Manuela；Universidad de Cadiz；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0002] Adjustable and self-disconnecting electrical socket for feeding refrigerated containers
    [0004] Object of the invention
    [0006] The present invention belongs to the field of refrigerated containers used for the transport of goods.
    [0008] The object of the present invention is a new electrical outlet designed to avoid failures and breakages caused by the displacement of the container: cable breakage, socket breakage, load disconnection, etc.
    [0010] Background of the invention
    [0012] Most of the international trade in fresh produce takes place in refrigerated containers, also known as “reefers.” The energy required to maintain the temperature of a refrigerated container is supplied by means of an electrical cable or hose that has a fixed end connected to said container and a free end equipped with a plug for connection to an electrical outlet. Specifically, the hose is housed in a small open compartment arranged in a side wall of the refrigerated container that is accessible from the outside of said container. Thus, during periods where the container is stored in port or on a ship, this hose remains connected to a fixed electrical outlet. When the container is moved, for example with the arrival of the ship at a container terminal or when they are transferred to a new means of transport. transport, it is necessary to disconnect the plug from the electrical outlet and collect it inside the container. Once the container reaches its new location, the hose is removed from said compartment again and it is connected to the corresponding electrical outlet.
    [0014] Currently, the electrical sockets used in this context are fixed sockets made up of a single rigid element. As a consequence, when, due to carelessness or forgetfulness, a container is moved without first having disconnected the hose from the electrical outlet, it inevitably causes the cable or the electrical outlet to which it is connected to break.
    [0016] In addition, in order to avoid electric arcs if the plug is disconnected from the socket during the charging process, current sockets include interlocking elements that prevent disconnection of the plug if the power supply has not been previously turned off. This not only increases the chances of cable breakage when the container is moved, but also creates a significant safety risk as the broken live electrical cable becomes loose.
    [0018] Document US2013001052 describes such a socket comprising a sliding connection mechanism.
    [0020] Document EP2317612 describes another outlet particularly designed for the electrical supply of refrigerated containers manufactured by Gewiss.
    [0021] Description of the invention
    [0023] The inventors of the present invention solve the above problems thanks to a new steerable electrical outlet that is capable of rotating to align with the direction of the cable when it is tensioned due to the displacement of the reefer. Furthermore, the electrical outlet of the invention is configured to automatically cut off the voltage when it is no longer oriented in a resting direction.
    [0025] Thus, starting from a state of connection with tension in which the container is being powered, if said container is moved, the electrical socket will align itself with the direction according to which the cable is pulled. As the first consequence of the outlet leaving the rest position, the electrical disconnection of the outlet will occur, leaving the cable without tension. A second consequence is that, if the movement of the container continues and the electric cable is tightened even more, instead of the cable breaking as in the prior art, since the cable and the socket are oriented in the same direction, the Pulling the cable will simply cause the plug to disengage. In this way, the cable is prevented from breaking and leaving an electrically active piece.
    [0027] In order to avoid possible electrical accidents at times when it is not being used, the electrical outlet of the present invention can furthermore be designed so that it is only electrically active when a plug is fully inserted into the socket. In other words, even if the electrical outlet is in the aforementioned home orientation, it is not electrically energized if it does not have a plug fully inserted into the socket.
    [0029] Additionally, the proposed electrical outlet may be configured in such a way as to prevent the insertion of a plug into the socket when said electrical outlet is oriented according to the mentioned resting orientation. This forces the insertion of the plug into the socket with the socket out of the rest orientation and therefore without power, which is activated when the socket is subsequently moved to the rest orientation.
    [0031] In this document, the term "pressure switch" refers to a switch, usually fitted with a spring or the like, which alternates between the open and closed states when mechanically depressed by an external body. For example, in a pressure switch of the rocker type, the change of state occurs when an external body presses a rocker element until it rocks against the force of a spring or the like.A pressure switch can be of the normally open or normally closed type.
    [0033] Thus, the present invention is directed to an adjustable and self-disconnecting electrical outlet for powering refrigerated containers, which fundamentally comprises: an adjustable mechanism equipped with a female plug; and a means of disconnection. Each of these elements is described in greater detail below:
    [0035] a) Mechanism
    [0037] It is a mechanism that can be attached to a fixed base, and which is configured to orient itself according to the direction of the mechanical stress exerted by an electrical power cable on a female plug to which said electrical cable is connected, the female plug being arranged in said mechanism. Furthermore, the mechanism assumes a predetermined home orientation when the electrical cable does not apply any stress to the socket. So when the electrical cable is stressed due to the displacement of the container, the female plug to which it is connected aligns with the direction of the electrical cable itself, so that in case the container continues to move the plug of the electrical cable comes out of the socket normally without damage to the equipment or cable. On the contrary, when the electric cable does not exert any force on the plug, or when there is no electric cable connected to the socket, the mechanism assumes the rest position.
    [0039] In principle, the mechanism could be implemented in many different ways as long as it allows the reorientation of the socket as a function of the forces exerted on it by the electrical cable so that, ultimately, the socket is oriented according to the direction of the own electric cable. In particular, according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the mechanism essentially comprises a first link, and a second link. This mechanism is described in more detail below.
    [0041] a1) First link
    [0043] It is a link that can be attached to the fixed base and is rotatable in relation to said base around a first axis of rotation.
    [0045] The fixed base can be configured in any way, such as a panel or pole fixed to the ground in a port or ship, located near the container storage area.
    [0047] The ability to rotate can be implemented in the coupling between base and link itself, so that the entire first link rotates around the base. Alternatively, the first link may comprise a fixed portion, rigidly coupled to the base, and a portion rotatable relative to said fixed portion. In any case, the coupling between the first link and the base can be carried out in any way known in the art as long as it allows a secure mechanical fixation between the base and the first link to be achieved. For example, when the first link has a fixed portion, the coupling of said fixed portion to the base can include both screws or the like, clamps, magnetic fasteners, tongue and groove fasteners, snap fasteners, or others.
    [0049] a2) Second link
    [0051] The second link is coupled to the first link such that said second link is rotatable relative to said first link about a second axis of rotation. Furthermore, the second link comprises a female plug configured to receive a plug of an electrical cable for supplying the refrigerated container.
    [0053] As described above, the coupling between the first and second link can be implemented in any way known in the art. Specifically, the ability to rotate may be implemented in the coupling itself between both links, or the second link may include a fixed portion rigidly coupled to the first link and a rotating portion relative to said first fixed portion, in which case the female plug it would be located in the rotating portion. For example, when the second link has a fixed portion and a rotatable portion, the coupling fixing means can include screws or the like, clamps, magnetic fasteners, tongue and groove fasteners, pressure fasteners, or others.
    [0055] Furthermore, the first axis of rotation of the first link and the second axis of rotation of the second link are not parallel. This allows the second link to be oriented according to any orientation in space. Preferably, the first axis of rotation and the second axis of rotation are perpendicular to each other, thus forming a system similar to that of a spherical coordinate system. Even more preferably, the first axis of rotation is vertical and the second axis of rotation is horizontal, thus forming a more intuitive mechanical movement system.
    [0056] b) Means of disconnection
    [0058] The disconnect means is configured to disconnect power to the socket when the mechanism comes out of a rest orientation. In principle, this can be achieved in many different ways, such as by arranging a pressure switch in a suitable place where it is pressed by a surface of the mechanism only when it is in the rest position.
    [0060] According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, in the case of the mechanism formed by two links described above, the disconnection means comprises a first normally open pressure switch arranged on the first link, specifically in a position such that it is pressed by the second link only when the second link is in the orientation of rest. That is, when the second link is in the rest orientation, it activates the pressure switch, causing it to close and therefore enabling the electrical connection of the female plug terminals.
    [0062] Thus, during the loading of the container, the second link of the intake of the invention is in the rest position. In this state, the pressure switch remains actuated by the second link itself, enabling the power supply to the terminals of the socket. When the container shifts, the cable becomes taut and, as a result of the applied traction, the first and second links of the socket change their orientation so that the socket aligns in the same direction as the cable. Thanks to this alignment between the socket and the pull applied by the cable, if the pull exceeds a certain threshold the plug will simply pop out of the socket. Furthermore, when the second link leaves the rest orientation as a consequence of said reorientation, the electrical voltage is automatically disconnected from the terminals of the socket, so that the extraction of the plug caused by the pulling of the cable is carried out without load.
    [0064] According to a preferred embodiment, the socket of the invention further comprises an energizing means configured to connect the electrical supply to the socket only when the plug is inserted as far as it will go into said socket. This makes it possible to avoid possible electrical accidents during the process of inserting the plug into the socket.
    [0066] The energizing means may adopt any configuration as long as it performs the function described above, although, according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it comprises a second normally open pressure switch arranged on the first link in a position such that it is pressed by pin only when said plug is fully inserted into the socket. More specifically, the second normally open pressure switch can be located in a rear cavity of the socket located at the end of the stroke traveled by the plug in its insertion into said socket. Thus, it is only when the plug is fully inserted into the socket that the terminals of the socket are energized.
    [0068] According to another preferred embodiment, the socket of the invention further comprises a locking means configured to prevent the plug from abutting into the socket when the second link is in the rest orientation. In this way, the user is forced to rotate the socket to a position outside the rest orientation in which the terminals of the socket are not energized, and only after insertion of the plug is it possible to return it to the rest position. , at which time the electrical connection is activated.
    [0070] In principle, the locking means can adopt various configurations provided that it can carry out the described function, although, according to a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, it comprises a mechanical locking element which, when the second link is in the orientation of idle, interferes with the second pressure switch to prevent its pulsation. In this way, said second pressure switch mechanically blocks the butt insertion of the plug into the socket. More particularly still, the mechanical locking element may be a stem attached to the first link and arranged to interfere with the travel of an actuating element of the second pressure switch when the second link is in the home orientation.
    [0072] According to yet another preferred embodiment of the invention, the orientation of rest corresponds to an orientation towards which the second link tends as a consequence of the action of gravity or of some return elements. For example, the return elements can be of the electromagnetic, magnetic, or mechanical type. Thus, when no force is exerted on the tap, the second link returns to the rest orientation. For example, when the rotational axes of the first and second link are respectively vertical and horizontal, the orientation of rest may correspond to an orientation of the second link vertical downward.
    [0074] Brief description of the figures
    [0076] Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a first socket example according to the present invention.
    [0078] Fig. 2 shows another perspective view of the first intake example according to the present invention in the rest position.
    [0080] Fig. 3 shows a bottom perspective view of the first intake example according to the present invention.
    [0082] Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of a second socket example according to the present invention connected to a cold container cable.
    [0084] Fig. 5 shows another perspective view of the second intake example according to the present invention.
    [0086] Fig. 6 shows another perspective view of the second intake example according to the present invention.
    [0087] Fig. 7 shows another perspective view of the second intake example according to the present invention.
    [0089] Fig. 8 shows another perspective view of the second intake example according to the present invention.
    [0091] Preferred embodiment of the invention
    [0093] Two particular examples of intake (1) according to the present invention are described below with reference to the attached figures.
    [0095] Figs. 1-3 show the first example of an adjustable electrical outlet (1) for feeding refrigerated containers according to the present invention. As can be seen, the intake (1) comprises two links (2, 3) coupled to a fixed base (100), which in this case is a column (100) that is supposed to be rigidly fixed to the floor of a ship, terminal of containers, or frame to that effect.
    [0097] The first link (2) is formed by a set of elements rigidly fixed to each other. Specifically, in this particular example, the first link (2) includes a first element (21) formed by several plates coupled to the base (100) in a rotatable manner around a first axis (E1) of vertical rotation. The first element (21) is connected to a third element (23) through a second element (22) in the form of a plate that is fixed to both by means of screws or the like. In turn, the third element (23) comprises a set of two parallel plates joined with a third plate perpendicular to both, so that they form a cavity inside.
    [0099] The second link (3) is formed by an essentially hollow body (31). The body (31) has a face on which is installed a female plug (32) equipped with a cover (33). The terminals and the electrical connections of the female plug are located inside the body (31) and, in a way that is not shown in these figures, the terminals are in electrical contact with the electrical network. The body (31) is housed in the cavity of the third element (23) of the first link (2). The joint between the two is of the rotary type around a second axis (E2) of horizontal rotation, so that the body (31) can rotate freely around said second axis (E2) of rotation.
    [0101] Furthermore, the body (31) of the second link (3) and the position of the second axis (E2) of rotation by which said body (31) is coupled to the third element (23) of the first link (2) are configured so that, subjected to the action of gravity or of some return elements, the body (31) adopts a position of rest in which the face of the body (31) where the socket (32) is located is oriented downwards. In this position, a face adjacent to the face where the female plug (32) is located is supported on the inside face of the third plate that constitutes the third element (23) of the first link (2). Fig. 2 shows the socket (1) of the invention with the second link (3) in the rest orientation.
    [0102] Fig. 3 also shows a disconnection means (4), which in this example takes the form of a first normally open rocker pressure switch (4) that is located on the inner face of the third plate that constitutes the third element ( 23) of the first link (2). The first pressure switch (4) is electrically arranged between the electrical network and the terminals of the female plug (32), so that the female plug (32) remains de-energized until said first switch (4) is pressed. pressure. Thus, when the second link (2) is out of its rest orientation, as shown in Fig. 3, the socket (32) is de-energized. However, when the second link (3) goes to the rest orientation, the face adjacent to the face where the socket (32) is located presses the first pressure switch (4), making it go from its open state to its closed state. Under these conditions, the terminals of the female plug (32) receive electrical power, and therefore the female plug (32) begins the corresponding charge.
    [0103] This configuration, therefore, ensures the two main characteristics of the present invention. First, the female plug (32) is oriented in the direction of the cable pulling it. Second, when this reorientation causes the body (31) of the second link (3) to come out of the rest orientation, the socket (1) is disconnected from the electrical network.
    [0105] Figs. 4-8 show a second example of an adjustable electrical socket (1) according to the present invention. These figures show the same elements that have already been described in relation to Figs. 1-3, and also allow to appreciate two additional elements: an energizing means (5) and a blocking means (6).
    [0107] The energizing means (5) is constituted by a second normally open pressure switch (5) which is located in the cavity of the third element (31) of the second link (3), just behind the socket (32). More specifically, this second pressure switch (5) is fixed to the rear face of the side of the third element where the female plug (32) is located so that only the butt insertion of a connection plug (200) into the plug female (32) causes its activation. Fig. 5 shows the position of said second pressure switch (5), as well as its rocker actuating element (51) which is being pressed by the leading edge of the plug (200). Furthermore, the second pressure switch (5) is electrically located between the terminals of the socket (32) and the electrical network, so that said terminals are energized only when said second switch (5) is pressed. Thus, the terminals of the socket (32) remain de-energized until the moment in which the plug (200) of a power cable is inserted into a refrigerated container in said socket (32).
    [0109] Naturally, since the sockets (1) described in these examples have both a disconnect means (4) and an energizing means (5), both switches are electrically placed in series to ensure that the socket (32) is energized only when both conditions are met. Thus, as can be seen in Fig. 8, the electrical cables of both switches (4, 5) are connected in this example to a contactor (7) that acts as an AND logic gate prior to connection to the electrical network.
    [0111] The locking means (6) is constituted by a rod (6) fixed to the first link (2) arranged to interfere with the travel of an actuating element (51) of the second pressure switch (5) when the second link (3 ) is in the home orientation. In this second example, the rod (6) has a curved shape, although other shapes are possible depending on the geometric relationship between the links (2, 3). In this regard, it can be seen that in the first example shown in Fig. 3 the stem (6) has a straight shape. In any case, as shown in Fig. 7, when the second link (3) is in the rest position, the free end of the rod (6) is inserted under the rocker element (51) of the second switch (5) . This prevents that, if an attempt is made to plug a plug (200) into the socket (32) in this position, said plug (200) can enter all the way. In this way, insertion of a plug (200) into the socket (32) is prevented when the second link (3) is in its home orientation. It is necessary to rotate the second link (3) to remove it from its rest position to be able to connect the plug (200).
    权利要求:
    Claims (12)
    [1]
    1. Adjustable and self-disconnecting electrical outlet (1) for powering refrigerated containers, characterized in that it comprises:
    - a mechanism coupled to a fixed base (100), which is configured to be oriented according to the direction of a mechanical stress exerted by an electrical cable feeding the refrigerated container on a female plug (32) arranged in said mechanism, the mechanism having a predetermined resting orientation when the electrical cable does not apply any stress on the socket (32); Y
    - a disconnect means (4) configured to disconnect the electrical supply to the socket (32) when the mechanism comes out of a rest orientation.
    [2]
    2. Electrical socket (1) according to claim 1, wherein the mechanism comprises:
    - a first link (2) coupleable to the fixed base (100), wherein said first link (2) is rotatable with respect to said base (100) around a first axis of rotation (E1); Y
    - a second link (3) coupled to the first link (2), where said second link (3) is rotatable in relation to said first link (2) around a second axis of rotation (E2), where the first axis of rotation (E1) and the second axis of rotation (E2) are not parallel, where the second link (3) comprises the female plug (32), and where the disconnection means (4) disconnects the electrical supply to the female plug (32) when the second link (3) leaves the orientation of rest.
    [3]
    Electrical socket (1) according to claim 2, wherein the disconnection means (4) comprises a first normally open pressure switch (4) arranged on the first link (2) in a position such that it is pressed by the second link (3) only when said second link (3) is in the orientation of rest.
    [4]
    Electrical outlet (1) according to any of claims 2-3, further comprising an energizing means (5) configured to connect the electrical supply to the female plug (32) only when the plug (200) is inserted to stop on said female plug (32).
    [5]
    5. Electrical socket (1) according to claim 4, wherein the energizing means (5) comprises a second normally open pressure switch (5) arranged on the first link (3) in a position such that it is pressed by the plug (200) only when said plug (200) is fully inserted into the socket (32).
    [6]
    6. Adjustable electrical socket (1) according to claim 5, wherein the second normally open pressure switch (5) is located in a rear cavity of the socket (32) located at the end of the stroke traveled by the plug (200 ) upon its introduction into said female plug (32).
    [7]
    7. Adjustable electrical socket (1) according to any of claims 2-6, further comprising a locking means (6) configured to prevent the plug (200) from being fully inserted into the female socket (32) when the second link (3) is in the orientation of rest.
    [8]
    8. Adjustable electrical socket (1) according to claim 7, wherein the blocking means (6) comprises a mechanical blocking element (6) which, when the second link (3) is in the rest orientation, interferes with the second pressure switch (5) to prevent its pulsation, so that said second pressure switch (5) mechanically blocks the butt insertion of the plug (200) into the female socket (32).
    [9]
    9. Adjustable electrical socket (1) according to claim 8, wherein the mechanical locking element (6) is a rod (6) fixed to the first link (2) arranged to interfere with the path of an actuating element (51 ) of the second pressure switch (5) when the second link (3) is in the home orientation.
    [10]
    10. Steerable electrical socket (1) according to any of claims 2-9, where the orientation at rest corresponds to an orientation towards which the second link (3) tends as a consequence of the action of gravity or some elements. return.
    [11]
    Adjustable electrical socket (1) according to any of claims 2-10, where the first axis (E1) and the second axis (E2) of rotation are perpendicular to each other.
    [12]
    12. Adjustable electrical socket (1) according to claim 11, wherein the first axis (E1) of rotation is vertical and the second axis (E2) of rotation is horizontal.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    ES2819257B2|2021-09-30|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    US2441643A|1946-05-13|1948-05-18|Mickler Stanislaus Albert|Protective electrical outlet receptacle|
    US20040011918A1|2002-07-19|2004-01-22|Musial Kurt M.|Aviation ground power unit connection system and method incorporating same|
    EP2672594A1|2011-02-03|2013-12-11|Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha|Vehicle on-board cable and vehicle|
    JP2013045734A|2011-08-26|2013-03-04|Hideyuki Miura|Electric outlet|
    US8535071B1|2012-04-20|2013-09-17|Schaltbau Gmbh|Electrical connector|
    法律状态:
    2021-04-15| BA2A| Patent application published|Ref document number: 2819257 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: A1 Effective date: 20210415 |
    2021-09-30| FG2A| Definitive protection|Ref document number: 2819257 Country of ref document: ES Kind code of ref document: B2 Effective date: 20210930 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    ES201900156A|ES2819257B2|2019-10-15|2019-10-15|Adjustable and self-disconnecting electrical socket for feeding refrigerated containers|ES201900156A| ES2819257B2|2019-10-15|2019-10-15|Adjustable and self-disconnecting electrical socket for feeding refrigerated containers|
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